S.A. Ganina

Article represents the sociohistorical analysis of a phenomenon of the childhood, in particular, genesis of a phenomenon of the childhood in history of a human civilisation (on an example of the West European culture) and communication of concrete historical and social and economic conditions of a life of people with an existing and understanding of a phenomenon of the childhood, which consequence styles, methods and forms of pedagogical infl uence are

The work is devoted to the study of childhood in the national socio-humanist tradition, in particular, the justifi cation of the world of childhood as an autonomous, inherent value of reality has its originality in the context of adult culture. Analyzes the problems that are raised in the investigations of recent years in relation to the study of the phenomenon of childhood.

The paper examines approaches to the analysis of childhood that exist in modern science and culture. In particular, special attention is paid to the F. Ares childhood concept, the L. Demoz psychohistory childhood, and the M. Mead typology of cultures. This choice is made due to the specifi c periodization of childhood in history and culture, which makes the specifi cs of the childhood world development dependent on the evolution of the adult world and its culture.